Add examples for Visual C++ MFC (#208)

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+*.sln.iml

+# Speech recognition with Visual C++ MFC
+
+This directory contains examples showing how to use Next-gen Kaldi in MFC
+for speech recognition.
+
+Caution: You need to use Windows and install Visual Studio in order to run it.
+We use bash script below to demonstrate how to use it. Please change
+the commands accordingly for Windows.
+
+## Streaming speech recognition
+
+```bash
+mkdir -p $HOME/open-source
+cd $HOME/open-source
+
+git clone https://github.com/k2-fsa/sherpa-onnx
+cd sherpa-onnx
+mkdir build
+
+cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=./install ..
+cmake --build . --config Release --target install
+
+cd ../mfc-examples
+
+msbuild ./mfc-examples.sln /property:Configuration=Release /property:Platform=x64
+cp ../build/install/lib/*.dll ./x64/Release/
+
+# now run the program
+
+./x64/Release/StreamingSpeechRecognition.exe
+```
+
+Note that we also need to download pre-trained models. Please
+refer to https://k2-fsa.github.io/sherpa/onnx/pretrained_models/online-transducer/index.html
+for a list of streaming models.
+
+We use the following model for demonstration.
+
+```bash
+cd $HOME/open-source/sherpa-onnx/mfc-examples/x64/Release
+wget https://huggingface.co/pkufool/icefall-asr-zipformer-streaming-wenetspeech-20230615/resolve/main/exp/encoder-epoch-12-avg-4-chunk-16-left-128.onnx
+wget https://huggingface.co/pkufool/icefall-asr-zipformer-streaming-wenetspeech-20230615/resolve/main/exp/decoder-epoch-12-avg-4-chunk-16-left-128.onnx
+wget https://huggingface.co/pkufool/icefall-asr-zipformer-streaming-wenetspeech-20230615/resolve/main/exp/joiner-epoch-12-avg-4-chunk-16-left-128.onnx
+wget https://huggingface.co/pkufool/icefall-asr-zipformer-streaming-wenetspeech-20230615/resolve/main/data/lang_char/tokens.txt
+
+# now rename
+mv encoder-epoch-12-avg-4-chunk-16-left-128.onnx encoder.onnx
+mv decoder-epoch-12-avg-4-chunk-16-left-128.onnx decoder.onnx
+mv joiner-epoch-12-avg-4-chunk-16-left-128.onnx joiner.onnx
+
+# Now run it!
+./StreamingSpeechRecognition.exe
+```

+//{{NO_DEPENDENCIES}}
+// Microsoft Visual C++ generated include file.
+// Used by StreamingSpeechRecognition.rc
+//
+#define IDD_STREAMINGSPEECHRECOGNITION_DIALOG 102
+#define IDR_MAINFRAME 128
+#define IDC_EDIT1 1000
+
+// Next default values for new objects
+//
+#ifdef APSTUDIO_INVOKED
+#ifndef APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS
+#define _APS_NEXT_RESOURCE_VALUE 130
+#define _APS_NEXT_COMMAND_VALUE 32771
+#define _APS_NEXT_CONTROL_VALUE 1001
+#define _APS_NEXT_SYMED_VALUE 101
+#endif
+#endif

+
+// StreamingSpeechRecognition.cpp : Defines the class behaviors for the
+// application.
+//
+
+#include "StreamingSpeechRecognition.h"
+
+#include "StreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg.h"
+#include "framework.h"
+#include "pch.h"
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+#define new DEBUG_NEW
+#endif
+
+// CStreamingSpeechRecognitionApp
+
+BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CStreamingSpeechRecognitionApp, CWinApp)
+ON_COMMAND(ID_HELP, &CWinApp::OnHelp)
+END_MESSAGE_MAP()
+
+// CStreamingSpeechRecognitionApp construction
+
+CStreamingSpeechRecognitionApp::CStreamingSpeechRecognitionApp() {
+  // TODO: add construction code here,
+  // Place all significant initialization in InitInstance
+}
+
+// The one and only CStreamingSpeechRecognitionApp object
+
+CStreamingSpeechRecognitionApp theApp;
+
+// CStreamingSpeechRecognitionApp initialization
+
+BOOL CStreamingSpeechRecognitionApp::InitInstance() {
+  CWinApp::InitInstance();
+
+  // Create the shell manager, in case the dialog contains
+  // any shell tree view or shell list view controls.
+  CShellManager *pShellManager = new CShellManager;
+
+  // Activate "Windows Native" visual manager for enabling themes in MFC
+  // controls
+  CMFCVisualManager::SetDefaultManager(RUNTIME_CLASS(CMFCVisualManagerWindows));
+
+  // Standard initialization
+  // If you are not using these features and wish to reduce the size
+  // of your final executable, you should remove from the following
+  // the specific initialization routines you do not need
+  // Change the registry key under which our settings are stored
+  // TODO: You should modify this string to be something appropriate
+  // such as the name of your company or organization
+  SetRegistryKey(_T("Local AppWizard-Generated Applications"));
+
+  CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg dlg;
+  m_pMainWnd = &dlg;
+  INT_PTR nResponse = dlg.DoModal();
+  if (nResponse == IDOK) {
+    // TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
+    //  dismissed with OK
+  } else if (nResponse == IDCANCEL) {
+    // TODO: Place code here to handle when the dialog is
+    //  dismissed with Cancel
+  } else if (nResponse == -1) {
+    TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0,
+          "Warning: dialog creation failed, so application is terminating "
+          "unexpectedly.\n");
+    TRACE(traceAppMsg, 0,
+          "Warning: if you are using MFC controls on the dialog, you cannot "
+          "#define _AFX_NO_MFC_CONTROLS_IN_DIALOGS.\n");
+  }
+
+  // Delete the shell manager created above.
+  if (pShellManager != nullptr) {
+    delete pShellManager;
+  }
+
+#if !defined(_AFXDLL) && !defined(_AFX_NO_MFC_CONTROLS_IN_DIALOGS)
+  ControlBarCleanUp();
+#endif
+
+  // Since the dialog has been closed, return FALSE so that we exit the
+  //  application, rather than start the application's message pump.
+  return FALSE;
+}

+
+// StreamingSpeechRecognition.h : main header file for the PROJECT_NAME
+// application
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef __AFXWIN_H__
+#error "include 'pch.h' before including this file for PCH"
+#endif
+
+#include "resource.h"  // main symbols
+
+// CStreamingSpeechRecognitionApp:
+// See StreamingSpeechRecognition.cpp for the implementation of this class
+//
+
+class CStreamingSpeechRecognitionApp : public CWinApp {
+ public:
+  CStreamingSpeechRecognitionApp();
+
+  // Overrides
+ public:
+  virtual BOOL InitInstance();
+
+  // Implementation
+
+  DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
+};
+
+extern CStreamingSpeechRecognitionApp theApp;

 // Microsoft Visual C++ generated resource script.
 // Microsoft Visual C++ generated resource script.

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+    </Link>
+    <Midl>
+      <MkTypLibCompatible>false</MkTypLibCompatible>
+      <ValidateAllParameters>true</ValidateAllParameters>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>NDEBUG;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+    </Midl>
+    <ResourceCompile>
+      <Culture>0x0409</Culture>
+      <PreprocessorDefinitions>NDEBUG;%(PreprocessorDefinitions)</PreprocessorDefinitions>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>$(IntDir);%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+    </ResourceCompile>
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="framework.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="pch.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="Resource.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="StreamingSpeechRecognition.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="StreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg.h" />
+    <ClInclude Include="targetver.h" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="pch.cpp">
+      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|Win32'">Create</PrecompiledHeader>
+      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Debug|x64'">Create</PrecompiledHeader>
+      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|Win32'">Create</PrecompiledHeader>
+      <PrecompiledHeader Condition="'$(Configuration)|$(Platform)'=='Release|x64'">Create</PrecompiledHeader>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="StreamingSpeechRecognition.cpp" />
+    <ClCompile Include="StreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg.cpp" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ResourceCompile Include="StreamingSpeechRecognition.rc" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="res\StreamingSpeechRecognition.rc2" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Image Include="res\StreamingSpeechRecognition.ico" />
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <Import Project="$(VCTargetsPath)\Microsoft.Cpp.targets" />
+  <ImportGroup Label="ExtensionTargets">
+  </ImportGroup>
+</Project>

+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Filter Include="Source Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{4FC737F1-C7A5-4376-A066-2A32D752A2FF}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>cpp;c;cc;cxx;c++;cppm;ixx;def;odl;idl;hpj;bat;asm;asmx</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="Header Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{93995380-89BD-4b04-88EB-625FBE52EBFB}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>h;hh;hpp;hxx;h++;hm;inl;inc;ipp;xsd</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+    <Filter Include="Resource Files">
+      <UniqueIdentifier>{67DA6AB6-F800-4c08-8B7A-83BB121AAD01}</UniqueIdentifier>
+      <Extensions>rc;ico;cur;bmp;dlg;rc2;rct;bin;rgs;gif;jpg;jpeg;jpe;resx;tiff;tif;png;wav;mfcribbon-ms</Extensions>
+    </Filter>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClInclude Include="StreamingSpeechRecognition.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="StreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="framework.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="targetver.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="Resource.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+    <ClInclude Include="pch.h">
+      <Filter>Header Files</Filter>
+    </ClInclude>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ClCompile Include="StreamingSpeechRecognition.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="StreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <ClCompile Include="pch.cpp">
+      <Filter>Source Files</Filter>
+    </ClCompile>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <ResourceCompile Include="StreamingSpeechRecognition.rc">
+      <Filter>Resource Files</Filter>
+    </ResourceCompile>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <None Include="res\StreamingSpeechRecognition.rc2">
+      <Filter>Resource Files</Filter>
+    </None>
+  </ItemGroup>
+  <ItemGroup>
+    <Image Include="res\StreamingSpeechRecognition.ico">
+      <Filter>Resource Files</Filter>
+    </Image>
+  </ItemGroup>
+</Project>

+
+// StreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg.cpp : implementation file
+//
+
+#include "StreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg.h"
+
+#include <fstream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include "StreamingSpeechRecognition.h"
+#include "afxdialogex.h"
+#include "framework.h"
+#include "pch.h"
+
+#ifdef _DEBUG
+#define new DEBUG_NEW
+#endif
+
+Microphone::Microphone() {
+  PaError err = Pa_Initialize();
+  if (err != paNoError) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "portaudio error: %s\n", Pa_GetErrorText(err));
+    exit(-2);
+  }
+}
+
+Microphone::~Microphone() {
+  PaError err = Pa_Terminate();
+  if (err != paNoError) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "portaudio error: %s\n", Pa_GetErrorText(err));
+    exit(-2);
+  }
+}
+
+// CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg dialog
+
+CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg::CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg(
+    CWnd *pParent /*=nullptr*/)
+    : CDialogEx(IDD_STREAMINGSPEECHRECOGNITION_DIALOG, pParent) {
+  m_hIcon = AfxGetApp()->LoadIcon(IDR_MAINFRAME);
+}
+
+CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg::~CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg() {
+  if (recognizer_) {
+    DestroyOnlineRecognizer(recognizer_);
+    recognizer_ = nullptr;
+  }
+}
+
+void CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg::DoDataExchange(CDataExchange *pDX) {
+  CDialogEx::DoDataExchange(pDX);
+  DDX_Control(pDX, IDOK, my_btn_);
+  DDX_Control(pDX, IDC_EDIT1, my_text_);
+}
+
+BEGIN_MESSAGE_MAP(CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg, CDialogEx)
+ON_WM_PAINT()
+ON_WM_QUERYDRAGICON()
+ON_BN_CLICKED(IDOK, &CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg::OnBnClickedOk)
+END_MESSAGE_MAP()
+
+// CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg message handlers
+
+BOOL CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg::OnInitDialog() {
+  CDialogEx::OnInitDialog();
+
+  // Set the icon for this dialog.  The framework does this automatically
+  //  when the application's main window is not a dialog
+  SetIcon(m_hIcon, TRUE);   // Set big icon
+  SetIcon(m_hIcon, FALSE);  // Set small icon
+
+  // TODO: Add extra initialization here
+  SetWindowText(_T("Real-time speech recogntion with Next-gen Kaldi"));
+  InitMicrophone();
+
+  return TRUE;  // return TRUE  unless you set the focus to a control
+}
+
+// If you add a minimize button to your dialog, you will need the code below
+//  to draw the icon.  For MFC applications using the document/view model,
+//  this is automatically done for you by the framework.
+
+void CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg::OnPaint() {
+  if (IsIconic()) {
+    CPaintDC dc(this);  // device context for painting
+
+    SendMessage(WM_ICONERASEBKGND, reinterpret_cast<WPARAM>(dc.GetSafeHdc()),
+                0);
+
+    // Center icon in client rectangle
+    int cxIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXICON);
+    int cyIcon = GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYICON);
+    CRect rect;
+    GetClientRect(&rect);
+    int x = (rect.Width() - cxIcon + 1) / 2;
+    int y = (rect.Height() - cyIcon + 1) / 2;
+
+    // Draw the icon
+    dc.DrawIcon(x, y, m_hIcon);
+  } else {
+    CDialogEx::OnPaint();
+  }
+}
+
+// The system calls this function to obtain the cursor to display while the user
+// drags
+//  the minimized window.
+HCURSOR CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg::OnQueryDragIcon() {
+  return static_cast<HCURSOR>(m_hIcon);
+}
+
+static int32_t RecordCallback(const void *input_buffer,
+                              void * /*output_buffer*/,
+                              unsigned long frames_per_buffer,  // NOLINT
+                              const PaStreamCallbackTimeInfo * /*time_info*/,
+                              PaStreamCallbackFlags /*status_flags*/,
+                              void *user_data) {
+  auto dlg = reinterpret_cast<CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg *>(user_data);
+
+  auto stream = dlg->stream_;
+  if (stream) {
+    AcceptWaveform(stream, 16000, reinterpret_cast<const float *>(input_buffer),
+                   frames_per_buffer);
+  }
+
+  return dlg->started_ ? paContinue : paComplete;
+}
+
+void CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg::OnBnClickedOk() {
+  if (!recognizer_) {
+    AppendLineToMultilineEditCtrl("Creating recognizer...");
+    InitRecognizer();
+    if (!recognizer_) {
+      // failed to create the recognizer
+      return;
+    }
+    AppendLineToMultilineEditCtrl("Recognizer created!");
+  }
+
+  if (!started_) {
+    started_ = true;
+
+    if (stream_) {
+      DestroyOnlineStream(stream_);
+      stream_ = nullptr;
+    }
+
+    stream_ = CreateOnlineStream(recognizer_);
+
+    PaStreamParameters param;
+    param.device = Pa_GetDefaultInputDevice();
+    const PaDeviceInfo *info = Pa_GetDeviceInfo(param.device);
+    param.channelCount = 1;
+    param.sampleFormat = paFloat32;
+    param.suggestedLatency = info->defaultLowInputLatency;
+    param.hostApiSpecificStreamInfo = nullptr;
+    float sample_rate = 16000;
+    pa_stream_ = nullptr;
+    PaError err =
+        Pa_OpenStream(&pa_stream_, &param, nullptr, /* &outputParameters, */
+                      sample_rate,
+                      0,          // frames per buffer
+                      paClipOff,  // we won't output out of range samples
+                                  // so don't bother clipping them
+                      RecordCallback, this);
+    if (err != paNoError) {
+      AppendLineToMultilineEditCtrl(std::string("PortAudio error: ") +
+                                    Pa_GetErrorText(err));
+      my_btn_.EnableWindow(FALSE);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    err = Pa_StartStream(pa_stream_);
+    if (err != paNoError) {
+      AppendLineToMultilineEditCtrl(std::string("PortAudio error: ") +
+                                    Pa_GetErrorText(err));
+      my_btn_.EnableWindow(FALSE);
+      return;
+    }
+    AppendLineToMultilineEditCtrl("Started! Please speak");
+    my_btn_.SetWindowText(_T("Stop"));
+
+    thread_ = new RecognizerThread(this);
+    thread_->CreateThread(CREATE_SUSPENDED);
+    thread_->m_bAutoDelete = false;  // Let me delete it.
+    thread_->ResumeThread();
+  } else {
+    started_ = false;
+    Pa_Sleep(200);  // sleep for 200ms
+    if (pa_stream_) {
+      PaError err = Pa_CloseStream(pa_stream_);
+      if (err != paNoError) {
+        AppendLineToMultilineEditCtrl(std::string("PortAudio error: ") +
+                                      Pa_GetErrorText(err));
+        my_btn_.EnableWindow(FALSE);
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+    pa_stream_ = nullptr;
+
+    WaitForSingleObject(thread_->m_hThread, INFINITE);
+    delete thread_;
+    thread_ = nullptr;
+
+    // AfxMessageBox("stopped", MB_OK);
+    my_btn_.SetWindowText(_T("Start"));
+    AppendLineToMultilineEditCtrl("Stopped");
+  }
+}
+
+void CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg::InitMicrophone() {
+  int default_device = Pa_GetDefaultInputDevice();
+  int device_count = Pa_GetDeviceCount();
+  if (default_device == paNoDevice) {
+    // CString str;
+    // str.Format(_T("No default input device found!"));
+    // AfxMessageBox(str, MB_OK | MB_ICONSTOP);
+    // exit(-1);
+    AppendLineToMultilineEditCtrl("No default input device found!");
+    my_btn_.EnableWindow(FALSE);
+  }
+  AppendLineToMultilineEditCtrl(std::string("Selected device ") +
+                                Pa_GetDeviceInfo(default_device)->name);
+}
+
+bool CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg::Exists(const std::string &filename) {
+  std::ifstream is(filename);
+  return is.good();
+}
+
+void CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg::InitRecognizer() {
+  std::string encoder = "./encoder.onnx";
+  std::string decoder = "./decoder.onnx";
+  std::string joiner = "./joiner.onnx";
+  std::string tokens = "./tokens.txt";
+#if 1
+  std::string prefix =
+      "C:/Users/fangjun/source/repos/MFCApplication2/x64/Release";
+  encoder = prefix + encoder;
+  decoder = prefix + decoder;
+  joiner = prefix + joiner;
+  tokens = prefix + tokens;
+#endif
+
+  bool is_ok = true;
+  if (!Exists(encoder)) {
+    std::string msg = encoder + " does not exist!";
+    AppendLineToMultilineEditCtrl(msg);
+    is_ok = false;
+  }
+
+  if (!Exists(decoder)) {
+    std::string msg = decoder + " does not exist!";
+    AppendLineToMultilineEditCtrl(msg);
+    is_ok = false;
+  }
+
+  if (!Exists(joiner)) {
+    std::string msg = joiner + " does not exist!";
+    AppendLineToMultilineEditCtrl(msg);
+    is_ok = false;
+  }
+
+  if (!Exists(tokens)) {
+    std::string msg = tokens + " does not exist!";
+    AppendLineToMultilineEditCtrl(msg);
+    is_ok = false;
+  }
+
+  if (!is_ok) {
+    my_btn_.EnableWindow(FALSE);
+    std::string msg =
+        "\r\nPlease go to "
+        "https://k2-fsa.github.io/sherpa/onnx/pretrained_models/index.html "
+        "\r\n";
+    msg += "to download an offline model.";
+    msg +=
+        " You need to rename them to encoder.onnx, decoder.onnx, and "
+        "joiner.onnx correspoondingly";
+    AppendLineToMultilineEditCtrl(msg);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  SherpaOnnxOnlineRecognizerConfig config;
+  config.model_config.debug = 0;
+  config.model_config.num_threads = 2;
+  config.model_config.provider = "cpu";
+
+  config.decoding_method = "greedy_search";
+  config.max_active_paths = 4;
+
+  config.feat_config.sample_rate = 16000;
+  config.feat_config.feature_dim = 80;
+
+  config.enable_endpoint = 1;
+  config.rule1_min_trailing_silence = 1.2f;
+  config.rule2_min_trailing_silence = 0.8f;
+  config.rule3_min_utterance_length = 300.0f;
+
+  config.model_config.tokens = tokens.c_str();
+  config.model_config.encoder = encoder.c_str();
+  config.model_config.decoder = decoder.c_str();
+  config.model_config.joiner = joiner.c_str();
+
+  recognizer_ = CreateOnlineRecognizer(&config);
+}
+
+// see
+// https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7153935/how-to-convert-utf-8-stdstring-to-utf-16-stdwstring
+std::wstring Utf8ToUtf16(const std::string &utf8) {
+  std::vector<unsigned long> unicode;
+  size_t i = 0;
+  while (i < utf8.size()) {
+    unsigned long uni;
+    size_t todo;
+    bool error = false;
+    unsigned char ch = utf8[i++];
+    if (ch <= 0x7F) {
+      uni = ch;
+      todo = 0;
+    } else if (ch <= 0xBF) {
+      throw std::logic_error("not a UTF-8 string");
+    } else if (ch <= 0xDF) {
+      uni = ch & 0x1F;
+      todo = 1;
+    } else if (ch <= 0xEF) {
+      uni = ch & 0x0F;
+      todo = 2;
+    } else if (ch <= 0xF7) {
+      uni = ch & 0x07;
+      todo = 3;
+    } else {
+      throw std::logic_error("not a UTF-8 string");
+    }
+    for (size_t j = 0; j < todo; ++j) {
+      if (i == utf8.size()) throw std::logic_error("not a UTF-8 string");
+      unsigned char ch = utf8[i++];
+      if (ch < 0x80 || ch > 0xBF) throw std::logic_error("not a UTF-8 string");
+      uni <<= 6;
+      uni += ch & 0x3F;
+    }
+    if (uni >= 0xD800 && uni <= 0xDFFF)
+      throw std::logic_error("not a UTF-8 string");
+    if (uni > 0x10FFFF) throw std::logic_error("not a UTF-8 string");
+    unicode.push_back(uni);
+  }
+  std::wstring utf16;
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < unicode.size(); ++i) {
+    unsigned long uni = unicode[i];
+    if (uni <= 0xFFFF) {
+      utf16 += (wchar_t)uni;
+    } else {
+      uni -= 0x10000;
+      utf16 += (wchar_t)((uni >> 10) + 0xD800);
+      utf16 += (wchar_t)((uni & 0x3FF) + 0xDC00);
+    }
+  }
+  return utf16;
+}
+
+void CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg::AppendTextToEditCtrl(
+    const std::string &s) {
+  // get the initial text length
+  int nLength = my_text_.GetWindowTextLength();
+  // put the selection at the end of text
+  my_text_.SetSel(nLength, nLength);
+  // replace the selection
+  CString str;
+  str.Format(_T("%s"), s.c_str());
+
+  std::wstring wstr = Utf8ToUtf16(s);
+
+  // my_text_.ReplaceSel(wstr.c_str());
+  my_text_.ReplaceSel(wstr.c_str());
+}
+
+void CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg::AppendLineToMultilineEditCtrl(
+    const std::string &s) {
+  AppendTextToEditCtrl("\r\n" + s);
+}
+
+static std::string Cat(const std::vector<std::string> &results,
+                       const std::string &s) {
+  std::ostringstream os;
+  std::string sep;
+
+  int i = 0;
+  for (i = 0; i != results.size(); ++i) {
+    os << sep << i << ": " << results[i];
+    sep = "\r\n";
+  }
+
+  if (!s.empty()) {
+    os << sep << i << ": " << s;
+  }
+  return os.str();
+}
+
+int CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg::RunThread() {
+  std::vector<std::string> results;
+  std::string last_text;
+  while (started_) {
+    while (IsOnlineStreamReady(recognizer_, stream_)) {
+      DecodeOnlineStream(recognizer_, stream_);
+    }
+
+    auto r = GetOnlineStreamResult(recognizer_, stream_);
+    std::string text = r->text;
+    DestroyOnlineRecognizerResult(r);
+    if (!text.empty() && last_text != text) {
+      // CString str;
+      // str.Format(_T("%s"), Cat(results, text).c_str());
+      auto str = Utf8ToUtf16(Cat(results, text).c_str());
+      my_text_.SetWindowText(str.c_str());
+      last_text = text;
+    }
+    int is_endpoint = IsEndpoint(recognizer_, stream_);
+    if (is_endpoint) {
+      Reset(recognizer_, stream_);
+      if (!text.empty()) {
+        results.push_back(std::move(text));
+      }
+    }
+
+    Pa_Sleep(100);  // sleep for 100ms
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+}

+
+// StreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg.h : header file
+//
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+#include "portaudio.h"
+#include "sherpa-onnx/c-api/c-api.h"
+
+class Microphone {
+ public:
+  Microphone();
+  ~Microphone();
+};
+
+class RecognizerThread;
+
+// CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg dialog
+class CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg : public CDialogEx {
+  // Construction
+ public:
+  CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg(
+      CWnd *pParent = nullptr);  // standard constructor
+  ~CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg();
+
+// Dialog Data
+#ifdef AFX_DESIGN_TIME
+  enum { IDD = IDD_STREAMINGSPEECHRECOGNITION_DIALOG };
+#endif
+
+ protected:
+  virtual void DoDataExchange(CDataExchange *pDX);  // DDX/DDV support
+
+  // Implementation
+ protected:
+  HICON m_hIcon;
+
+  // Generated message map functions
+  virtual BOOL OnInitDialog();
+  afx_msg void OnPaint();
+  afx_msg HCURSOR OnQueryDragIcon();
+  DECLARE_MESSAGE_MAP()
+ private:
+  Microphone mic_;
+
+  SherpaOnnxOnlineRecognizer *recognizer_ = nullptr;
+
+  PaStream *pa_stream_ = nullptr;
+  RecognizerThread *thread_;
+  CButton my_btn_;
+  CEdit my_text_;
+
+ public:
+  bool started_ = false;
+  SherpaOnnxOnlineStream *stream_ = nullptr;
+
+ public:
+  int RunThread();
+  afx_msg void OnBnClickedOk();
+
+ private:
+  void AppendTextToEditCtrl(const std::string &s);
+  void AppendLineToMultilineEditCtrl(const std::string &s);
+  void InitMicrophone();
+
+  bool Exists(const std::string &filename);
+  void InitRecognizer();
+};
+
+class RecognizerThread : public CWinThread {
+ public:
+  RecognizerThread(CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg *dlg) : dlg_(dlg) {}
+  virtual BOOL InitInstance() { return TRUE; }
+  virtual int Run() { return dlg_->RunThread(); }
+
+ private:
+  CStreamingSpeechRecognitionDlg *dlg_;
+};

+#pragma once
+
+#ifndef VC_EXTRALEAN
+#define VC_EXTRALEAN  // Exclude rarely-used stuff from Windows headers
+#endif
+
+#include "targetver.h"
+
+#define _ATL_CSTRING_EXPLICIT_CONSTRUCTORS  // some CString constructors will be
+                                            // explicit
+
+// turns off MFC's hiding of some common and often safely ignored warning
+// messages
+#define _AFX_ALL_WARNINGS
+
+#include <afxext.h>  // MFC extensions
+#include <afxwin.h>  // MFC core and standard components
+
+#ifndef _AFX_NO_OLE_SUPPORT
+#include <afxdtctl.h>  // MFC support for Internet Explorer 4 Common Controls
+#endif
+#ifndef _AFX_NO_AFXCMN_SUPPORT
+#include <afxcmn.h>  // MFC support for Windows Common Controls
+#endif               // _AFX_NO_AFXCMN_SUPPORT
+
+#include <afxcontrolbars.h>  // MFC support for ribbons and control bars

+// pch.cpp: source file corresponding to the pre-compiled header
+
+#include "pch.h"
+
+// When you are using pre-compiled headers, this source file is necessary for
+// compilation to succeed.

+// pch.h: This is a precompiled header file.
+// Files listed below are compiled only once, improving build performance for
+// future builds. This also affects IntelliSense performance, including code
+// completion and many code browsing features. However, files listed here are
+// ALL re-compiled if any one of them is updated between builds. Do not add
+// files here that you will be updating frequently as this negates the
+// performance advantage.
+
+#ifndef PCH_H
+#define PCH_H
+
+// add headers that you want to pre-compile here
+#include "framework.h"
+
+#endif  // PCH_H

 //
 //

+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<Project ToolsVersion="4.0" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/developer/msbuild/2003">
+  <ImportGroup Label="PropertySheets" />
+  <PropertyGroup Label="UserMacros" />
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <SherpaOnnxBuildDirectory>..\..\build</SherpaOnnxBuildDirectory>
+    <SherpaOnnxInstallDirectory>..\..\build\install</SherpaOnnxInstallDirectory>
+    <SherpaOnnxLibraries>sherpa-onnx-portaudio.lib;sherpa-onnx-c-api.lib;sherpa-onnx-core.lib</SherpaOnnxLibraries>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+  <ItemDefinitionGroup>
+    <ClCompile>
+      <AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+	  $(SherpaOnnxBuildDirectory)\_deps\portaudio-src\include;$(SherpaOnnxInstallDirectory)\include;%(AdditionalIncludeDirectories)</AdditionalIncludeDirectories>
+    </ClCompile>
+    <Link>
+      <AdditionalLibraryDirectories>$(SherpaOnnxInstallDirectory)\lib;%(AdditionalLibraryDirectories)</AdditionalLibraryDirectories>	
+      <AdditionalDependencies>$(SherpaOnnxLibraries)</AdditionalDependencies>
+    </Link>	
+  </ItemDefinitionGroup>
+  <ItemGroup />
+</Project>

+#pragma once
+
+// Including SDKDDKVer.h defines the highest available Windows platform.
+
+// If you wish to build your application for a previous Windows platform,
+// include WinSDKVer.h and set the _WIN32_WINNT macro to the platform you wish
+// to support before including SDKDDKVer.h.
+
+#include <SDKDDKVer.h>

+
+Microsoft Visual Studio Solution File, Format Version 12.00
+# Visual Studio Version 16
+VisualStudioVersion = 16.0.32630.194
+MinimumVisualStudioVersion = 10.0.40219.1
+Project("{8BC9CEB8-8B4A-11D0-8D11-00A0C91BC942}") = "StreamingSpeechRecognition", "StreamingSpeechRecognition\StreamingSpeechRecognition.vcxproj", "{A79C2604-C33D-497C-9770-D34E118B77FE}"
+EndProject
+Global
+	GlobalSection(SolutionConfigurationPlatforms) = preSolution
+		Debug|x64 = Debug|x64
+		Debug|x86 = Debug|x86
+		Release|x64 = Release|x64
+		Release|x86 = Release|x86
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ProjectConfigurationPlatforms) = postSolution
+		{A79C2604-C33D-497C-9770-D34E118B77FE}.Debug|x64.ActiveCfg = Debug|x64
+		{A79C2604-C33D-497C-9770-D34E118B77FE}.Debug|x64.Build.0 = Debug|x64
+		{A79C2604-C33D-497C-9770-D34E118B77FE}.Debug|x86.ActiveCfg = Debug|Win32
+		{A79C2604-C33D-497C-9770-D34E118B77FE}.Debug|x86.Build.0 = Debug|Win32
+		{A79C2604-C33D-497C-9770-D34E118B77FE}.Release|x64.ActiveCfg = Release|x64
+		{A79C2604-C33D-497C-9770-D34E118B77FE}.Release|x64.Build.0 = Release|x64
+		{A79C2604-C33D-497C-9770-D34E118B77FE}.Release|x86.ActiveCfg = Release|Win32
+		{A79C2604-C33D-497C-9770-D34E118B77FE}.Release|x86.Build.0 = Release|Win32
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(SolutionProperties) = preSolution
+		HideSolutionNode = FALSE
+	EndGlobalSection
+	GlobalSection(ExtensibilityGlobals) = postSolution
+		SolutionGuid = {C0A85719-CF8C-4BCD-BDF6-7C57EE651CBB}
+	EndGlobalSection
+EndGlobal